Polyurethane ke eng?Melemo le melemo ea thepa ea polyurethane ke efe?

Ho tloha qalong ea tlhahiso ea indasteri lilemong tsa bo-1950, lisebelisoa tsa polyurethane (ke hore, li-polymers tse phahameng tsa molek'hule tse nang le lihlopha tsa carbamate ka har'a ketane e kholo ea macromolecules - NHCOO) li tsoetse pele ka potlako.Ha e bapisoa le thepa ea rabara ea polymer, e na le litšobotsi tsa eona tse ikhethang.E ka sebelisa lipalo tse fapaneng tsa lihlopha tse sebetsang le mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlopha tse sebetsang ho latela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso, mme e sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahiso ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa polyurethane tse nang le ts'ebetso le litšobotsi tse fapaneng.

Ho boetse ho na le lisebelisoa tse sieo sehlopheng sa rabara, joalo ka polasetiki e phophomang, lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tse thata, lirafshoa, likhoele tsa maiketsetso tse matla haholo, letlalo la maiketsetso, likhomaretsi, jj.

Lisebelisoa tsa polyurethane hajoale li sebelisoa haholo libakeng tse fapaneng, mohlala, indastering ea sefofane, lihlahisoa tsa eona tse thata, lihlahisoa tse bonolo le lihlahisoa tsa foam li bobebe ho feta lisebelisoa tsa tšepe (tse bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa lifofane), tse sebelisoang haholo likoahelong tsa enjene ea sefofane, mariki a lebelo, li-antenna. Likoahelo, li-filler tanka tsa mafura a lifofane, li-carburetor buoys tse laolang tšebeliso ea mafura, joalo-joalo, hammoho le liforeimi tse fapaneng tsa tšehetso le li-cushion tsa mokhabiso oa kahare, le bakeng sa ho kenya letsoho indastering ea lipalangoang.Li-cushion tsa litulo, thepa ea ka tlung, esita le lithaere ha li arohanngoa le lihlahisoa tsa polyurethane, 'me tsoelo-pele ea morao-rao le tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa lisebelisoa tse thibelang likoloi li bakile ho feta.

Le hoja ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa tsa polyurethane, lihlahisoa tsa eona ha li na letho ho feta: lihlahisoa tsa foam tse tenyetsehang, lihlahisoa tse thata le li-elastomers.

Haeba thepa ea ho bopa ea sehlahisoa e kopane le rabara ea polyurethane, hangata e tiile 'me e ka hlajoa ka sebabole, peroxide le polyisocyanate,' me e ka etsoa ho latela mokhoa oa tlhahiso le mokhoa oa lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa rabara.Tabeng ea li-elastomer tsa thermoplastic, li ka sebetsoa ka ho bopeha ka ente kapa ka compression molding.Tabeng ea polasetiki ea polyurethane, e ka hlahisoa ka tape casting.

Ho nka lihlahisoa tsa foam tsa polyurethane e le mohlala, mokhoa oa tlhahiso hangata ke motsoako oa likarolo tse peli tsa metsi.Ke hore, sehlopha se le seng ke karabelo ea pele e tsoakiloeng ea polyol polymer le isocyanate, ebe li-reactants tse kaholimo li tsoakoa le sehlopha se seng ho kenyeletsoa metsi, foaming agent, stabilizer, catalyst le mahlahana a fapaneng a thusang ho hlahisa organic aminoformaldehyde Ester.Ka nako e ts'oanang, li-reactants tse kang lihlopha tsa urea li sebelisa karabelo ena ho hlahisa carbon dioxide, ho lokolla mocheso o mongata, ebe li sebelisa li-catalyst ho lokisa lebelo la ho foam, 'me qetellong li phethe sehlahisoa sa foam se tšoanang.

Hajoale, indasteri ea tlhahiso ea likoloi e lula e ntlafala mabapi le polokeho, boiketlo le ho tšoarella, 'me ho na le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa ho tšoarella tlas'a maemo a phahameng a ts'ebetso ea likarolo tsa elastomer tse monyang le ho senya.Mofuta o mocha oa ho ts'oenyeha o entsoeng ka foam e bonolo ea polyurethane o hlahile mebarakeng ea kantle ho naha, 'me thepa ea eona ea' mele le ea mochini le phello ea pholiso e betere hanyane ho feta ea lisebelisoa tse senyang rabara.